Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-93) was the first famous graduate of the then recently inaugurated St. Petersburg Conservatory, where he studied piano, flute, organ, music theory, and composition from 1862 to 1865. He was later recruited to be a founding member of the faculty at the newly created Moscow Conservatory. Reportedly an extreme taskmaster, Tchaikovsky resented the time that teaching stole from composing, although within just a few years he managed to write some of his early masterworks and most popular pieces, including the orchestral fantasy Romeo and Juliet (1869), the ballet Swan Lake (1875), the Piano Concerto No. 1 (1875), the opera Eugene Onegin (1879), and the Symphony No. 4 (1878).
In 1878, he officially left the conservatory and devoted himself to composing and performing, living on an allowance from the wealthy widow, Nadezhda von Meck. After years of traveling around Europe and America, Tchaikovsky returned to Russia in 1885 and became a de facto court composer, thanks to a yearly stipend from the tsar. He died suddenly in 1893, at only 53, some nine days after the premiere of his Sixth Symphony.
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