Lesson 2: Learning “40 Wheels”
Aim: How can you use different musical elements to help tell a story in a song?
Summary: Students will learn to sing the original song “40
Wheels”; explore the musical elements in the song; and learn how
musical elements can help tell a story in a song.
Standards: National 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11
Vocabulary: melodic contour
Martha’s original music fuses elements of American folk and the blues with influences from Choctaw and Cherokee traditional music. In the song “40 Wheels,” Martha tells the story of the Trail of Tears by synthesizing the musical elements from her diverse background.
“40 Wheels”
40 wheels up high, on the mountainside
Covered wagons coming and my people ride
Walking … walking … walking … walking …
Chorus:
Waya hey ah ha, waya hey ah ha
Waya hey ah ha ha ha ha ho
(x2)
It was way up high my great mama cried
When the cavalry took a thousand lives
Walking … walking … walking … walking
(Chorus)
40 wheels up high, on the mountainside
Was the cold trucks loading up a thousand
mines
Walking … walking … walking … walking
(Chorus)
Explore the Lyrics to “40 Wheels”
- The song tells the story of the Trail of Tears, a very sad
and difficult time in American history, when Southeastern
Native American tribes were forced to leave their land
and journey on foot to territory in Oklahoma.
- Try to imagine what it would be like to walk for hundreds of miles in a big group.
Trail of Tears: In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, a law that forced Native Americans off their land in the Southeast and onto territory in Oklahoma. Martha’s ancestors were among this group. While some left willingly, many elected to stay and fight for their land. The United States military eventually forced the tribes out, some without time to gather their belongings. The Native Americans had to endure harsh elements and mountainous terrain as they walked west, and many people died along the way in what has come to be known as the Trail of Tears.
Explore Melodic Contour in “40 Wheels”
- Listen to “40 Wheels,” Track 39, and ask your students to
listen for the refrain.
- A refrain is a phrase in a song that keeps returning. In this song, the refrain is “Walking, walking.”
- Trace the melodic contour—the shape of the melody—for the
first line of the song.
- Why do you think the melody makes this shape with these lyrics?
- Now, trace the shape of the melody for the refrain.
- Why does this shape make sense with the lyrics?
- What else about the music makes you feel like you’re walking, rather than running or skipping or jumping?
- Discuss the differences in melodic contour between the two sets of lyrics.
- Listen again to “40 Wheels,” Track 39, tracing the melodic contour.
Creative Extension
Sound Painting in “40 Wheels”
- Brainstorm ideas of what it might have sounded like on the
Trail of Tears. Think about the surroundings: Who is on
the journey and what is the weather like, etc.? Explore the
idea of sound painting—creating a picture using sound.
- What sounds can we add to the song to help paint the picture?
- How can we make these sounds?
- Add sounds to help paint a picture of the Trail of Tears when performing “40 Wheels.”
Creative Extension
Explore Traditional Native American Clothing
- On Traditional Native American Clothing (PDF), your students will learn about different elements of Native American dress.
- There are different kinds of attire for different occasions. Traditional dress is more elaborate and worn during ceremonies. No two outfits are exactly the same; pieces are handmade specifically for the wearer. Materials include leather, feathers, beads, and more. There is a deep sense of pride and honor in wearing Native American regalia, as items are representative of the tribe and passed down within families from generation to generation. Non-ceremonial clothing, which includes ribbon skirts or beaded jackets and shawls, is much simpler, but still distinctive. These pieces are often decorated with symbols or elements of nature representing the family or clan.
Literacy Extension
When Turtle Grew Feathers: A Folktale from the Choctaw Nation
The classic fable “The Tortoise and the Hare” gets retold by Tim Tingle, who captures the Choctaw version of the story. In this version, we find out the “real” reason why the turtle won the race.
Musical Word Wall
Add the word melodic contour to the Musical Word Wall.